Ryujinx 1 1 1023
Author: m | 2025-04-24
games-emulation/ryujinx: Stabilize amd64, : Sam James: : 1-1 / 1 games-emulation/ryujinx: drop old : Maciej Barć
Ryujinx-1/README.md at master robhein/Ryujinx-1 - GitHub
Introduction: The PartInfo utility is available for download from the free software page on the TeraByte Unlimited web site. Partinfo is useful for capturing detailed partition information from hard drives. Its most common use is as a simple way to view and communicate the current partition layout of your drive(s) in exact detail, so that partitioning problems can be diagnosed.Usage: There are three versions of the program included in the zipped archive: PARTINFO.EXE - DOS/Win9X/ME command line version. PARTINFW.EXE - WinNT/2K/XP/2003/Vista, Windows 7/8.x/10 command line verison. PARTINFG.EXE - Windows XP and later GUI version.The command line versions of the program can be run from the Command Prompt. Program output will be displayed on screen. (Note: If you run PARTINFW.EXE in Windows Vista, or Windows 7/8.x/10, you must be running it from an Administrator Command Prompt or no output will be displayed.) To save the output to a file so that the information can be more easily studied and included in emails, redirect it to a text file. That is accomplished as follows:partinfo > partinfo.txtpartinfw > partinfo.txtThe Windows GUI version will display the output graphically. To run the program, just double-click on PARTINFG.EXE. The program allows you to easily save the output to a text file.Explanation of the output: The first 3 lines of output will give you the PartInfo version used, the copyright notice, and the time and date when the program was run. The remainder of the output is the detailed data collected from each BIOS-recognized hard drive. The data for each hard drive is divided into 3 sections, as described below.1. The Partition Table - An example of a partition table section is shown below. This disk has 3 primary partitions, one of which is an extended partition containing 2 volumes:==================================================================== MBR Partition Information (HD0):+====+====+=============+====+=============+===========+===========+| 0: | 80 | 0 1 1 | 7 | 1023 254 63 | 63 | 20482812 || 1: | 0 | 1023 0 1 | f | 1023 254 63 | 334762470 | 153613530 |+====+====+=============+====+=============+===========+===========+ Volume Information+----+----+-------------+----+-------------+-----------+-----------+| 0: | 0 | 1023 1 1 | b | 1023 254 63 | 63 | 40949622 || 1: | 0 | 1023 0 1 | 5 | 1023 254 63 | 40949685 | 4096575 || 2: | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 || 3: | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 |+----+----+-------------+----+-------------+-----------+-----------+| 0: | 0 | 1023 1 1 | 83 | 1023 254 63 | 63 | 4096512 || 1: | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 || 2: | 0 | 0 0 0 Number is in unsigned representation, it's decimal value starts with 0. So Minimum value will be zero.Range of unsigned representation is 0 to 2i - 1.So, the mum value with i bits goes to 2i - 1.Fraction of value is in the form of 2(-i). So, when we take the value of i = 1, 2, 3 … n this range of fractional value goes like, 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, …So, it makes a GP series, with f bit maximum number possible is sum of GP series.Consider a = ½, r = ½Maximum value with f bits possible= \(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{{16}} + \frac{1}{{32}} + \ldots \)= \(a \times \frac{{1 - {r^n}}}{{1 - r}}\)\(= \frac{1}{2}\;\frac{{1 - {{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)}^f}}}{{1 - \frac{1}{2}\;}} = 1 - {2^{ - f}}\;\)So, maximum fractional value possible= maximum value with i bits + maximum value with f bits= 2i - 1 + 1 - 2-f= 2i - 2-fSo, require range will be 0 to 2i - 2-f. What is the range of the exponent E in IEEE 754 Double Precision (Binary64) format? -1022 ≤ E ≤ 1022-1023 ≤ E ≤ 1023-1023 ≤ E ≤ 1022-1022 ≤ E ≤ 1023Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 : -1022 ≤ E ≤ 1023 Option 4) -1022 ≤ E ≤ 1023 is the correct answer.Explanation:- According to the IEEE Std 754-2008 standard, the exponent field width of the binary 64 double-precision floating-point formats is 11 bits, which is compensated by an exponent bias of 1023. The standard also specifies that the maximum exponent is 1023, and the minimum is -1022.Important Points In IEEE 754 floating-point numbers, the exponent is biased in the engineering sense of the word - the value stored is offset from the actual value by the exponent bias, also called a biased exponent. Double precision may be chosen when the range or precision of single-precision would be insufficient. Double-precision floating-point format is a computer number format usually occupying 64 bits in computer memory. It represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point.RYUJINX - Mortal Kombat 1 Story 1
Ethernet address (in this example, Ethernet addresses are in caps and Internet addresses in lower case). This would look less redundant if we had done tcpdump -n: arp who-has 128.3.254.6 tell 128.3.254.68 arp reply 128.3.254.6 is-at 02:07:01:00:01:c4 If we had done tcpdump -e, the fact that the first packet is broadcast and the second is point-to-point would be visible: RTSG Broadcast 0806 64: arp who-has csam tell rtsg CSAM RTSG 0806 64: arp reply csam is-at CSAM For the first packet this says the Ethernet source address is RTSG, the destination is the Ethernet broadcast address, the type field contained hex 0806 (type ETHER_ARP) and the total length was 64 bytes. TCP packets Note: The following description assumes familiarity with the TCP protocol described in RFC-793. If you are not familiar with the protocol, neither this description nor tcpdump will be of much use to you. The general format of a tcp protocol line is: src > dst: flags data-seqno ack window urgent options Src and dst are the source and destination IP addresses and ports. Flags are some combination of S (SYN), F (FIN), P (PUSH), R (RST), U (URG), W (ECN CWR), E (ECN-Echo) or '.' (ACK), or 'none' if no flags are set. data-seqno describes the portion of sequence space covered by the data in this packet (see example below). ack is sequence number of the next data expected the other direction on this connection. window is the number of bytes of receive buffer space available the other direction on this connection. urg indicates there is 'urgent' data in the packet. Options are tcp options enclosed in angle brackets (e.g., ). Src, dst and flags are always present. The other fields depend on the contents of the packet's tcp protocol header and are output only if appropriate. Here is the opening portion of an rlogin from host rtsg to host csam. rtsg.1023 > csam.login: S 768512:768512(0) win 4096 csam.login > rtsg.1023: S 947648:947648(0) ack 768513 win 4096 rtsg.1023 > csam.login: . ack 1 win 4096rtsg.1023 > csam.login: P 1:2(1) ack 1 win 4096csam.login > rtsg.1023: . ack 2 win 4096rtsg.1023 > csam.login: P 2:21(19) ack 1 win 4096csam.login > rtsg.1023: P 1:2(1) ack 21 win 4077csam.login > rtsg.1023: P 2:3(1) ack 21 win 4077 urg 1csam.login > rtsg.1023: P 3:4(1) ack 21 win 4077 urg 1 The first line says that tcp port 1023 on rtsg sent a packet to port login on csam. The S indicates that the SYN flag was set. The packet sequence number was 768512 and it contained no data. The notation is 'first:last(nbytes)' which means 'sequence numbers first up to but not including last that is nbytes bytes of user data'. There was no piggy-backed ack, the available receive window was 4096 bytes and there was a max-segment-size option requesting an mss of 1024 bytes. Csam replies with a similar packet except it includes a piggy-backed ack for rtsg's SYN. Rtsg then acks csam's SYN. The '.' means the ACK flag was. games-emulation/ryujinx: Stabilize amd64, : Sam James: : 1-1 / 1 games-emulation/ryujinx: drop old : Maciej Barćr/Ryujinx on Reddit: Ryujinx Mortal Kombat 1 4K
Total heads (maxvalue 254) whereas limit on heads to device for direct access shouldbe 16 (max value 15) -- then cylinders have similar restrictions BIOSinterface limits to 1024 total cylinders (1023 max value) and directaccess to device limits to 65536 total cylinders (65535=0xFFFF maxvalue) and both support 1 to 63 for sectors). And then when usingLBALCHS it is recommended to use total heads=255 (max value 254)with sectors=63 [to avoid translation errors if moved to differentBIOS].Which leads to confusion if context not clear - does CHS=1023/255/63mean accessing cylinder 1023, max value of 1023 corresponding to1024th cylinder, or only 1023 total cylinders ...Thanks,JeremyIndex: initdisk.c===================================================================--- initdisk.c (revision 1372)+++ initdisk.c (working copy)@@ -339,7 +339,22 @@/* translate LBA sectors into CHS addressing- copied and pasted from dsk.c!+ initially copied and pasted from dsk.c!++ LBA to/from CHS conversion - see How ItWorks section on CHSxlat - CHS Translation+ LBA (logical block address) simple 0 to N-1 used internally andwith extended int 13h (BIOS)+ L-CHS (logical CHS) is the CHS view when using int 13h (BIOS)+ P-CHS (physical CHS) is the CHS view when directly accessingdisk, should not, but could be used in BS or MBR++ LBA = ( (cylinder * heads_per_cylinder + heads ) *sectors_per_track ) + sector - 1++ cylinder = LBA / (heads_per_cylinder * sectors_per_track)+ temp = LBA % (heads_per_cylinder * sectors_per_track)+ head = temp / sectors_per_track+ sector = temp % sectors_per_track + 1++ where heads_per_cylinder and sectors_per_track are the currenttranslation mode values.+ cyclinder and heads are 0 to N-1 based, sector is 1 Aparte mi modelo se trata de uno sequencial de multiples entradas pero con una sola salida, lo que hace que este sea mas dificil la parte de preprocesamiento de datos que lo que es realmente el el modelo, para crearlo utilice las siguientes funciones.Crea la tabla dataset y la puebla con datos los cuales los recoje del sqlite.def model(preprocessing_head, inputs): body = tf.keras.Sequential([ layers.Dense(32,activation='relu'), layers.Dense(15,activation='relu'), layers.Dense(9, activation='relu'), layers.Dense(5, activation='relu'), layers.Dense(1,activation='sigmoid') ]) preprocessed_inputs = preprocessing_head(inputs) result = body(preprocessed_inputs) model = tf.keras.Model(inputs, result) model.compile(loss='logcosh', optimizer=tf.optimizers.Adam()) return modelEsta funcion es el modelo como tal, y tras mucha prueba y error es la configuracion que mejor me ha funcionado con mi estilo de datos, en ella podemos ver 5 capas de densidad las cuales son las que condensan los datos que reciben de la base de datos, en ella utilice una sigmoide en la ultima capa para que me pusiese los datos entre 1 y -1. La funcion logcosh de perdidas la he utilizado por que lo que he investigado en internet sobre ella es la que mejor se ajusta a mis datos y al estilo que tienen mis datos.Ahora pondre un ejemplo de una de mis ejecuciones:Epoch 1/1023/23 [==============================] - 0s 750us/step - loss: 3.3512Epoch 2/1023/23 [==============================] - 0s 773us/step - loss: 3.3409Epoch 3/1023/23 [==============================] - 0s 773us/step - loss: 3.3283Epoch 4/1023/23 [==============================] - 0s 750us/step - loss: 3.2998Epoch 5/1023/23 [==============================] - 0s 705us/step - loss: 3.2199Epoch 6/1023/23 [==============================] - 0s 705us/step - loss: 3.0702Epoch 7/1023/23 [==============================] - 0s 727us/step - loss: 2.9553Epoch 8/1023/23 [==============================] - 0s 705us/step - loss: 2.9228Epoch 9/1023/23 [==============================] - 0s 682us/step - loss: 2.9164Epoch 10/1023/23 [==============================] - 0s 682us/step - loss: 2.9145Como podemos ver se mantiene hacia el 2.9 y tras probarlo varias veces con distintas configuraciones y con mas pasos, este ha sido el mas bajo que he obtenidodef create_model(): con=sql.openConnection() inputs = {} tft= pd.read_sql_query("SELECT * FROM DATASET", con,dtype={"ronda": int,"pos": int,"tiempo":float }) tft_features = tft.copy() tft_labels = tft_features.pop('pos') for name, column in tft_features.items(): dtype = column.dtype if dtype == object: dtype =tf.string else: dtype = tf.float32 inputs[name] = tf.keras.Input(shape=(1,), name=name, dtype=dtype) numeric_inputs = {name:input for name,input in inputs.items() if input.dtype==tf.float32} x = layers.Concatenate()(list(numeric_inputs.values())) norm = layers.Normalization() norm.adapt(np.array(tft[numeric_inputs.keys()])) all_numeric_inputs = norm(x) preprocessed_inputs = [all_numeric_inputs] for name, input in inputs.items(): if input.dtype == tf.float32: continue lookup = layers.StringLookup(vocabulary=np.unique(tft_features[name])) one_hot = layers.CategoryEncoding(max_tokens=lookup.vocab_size()) x = lookup(input) x = one_hot(x) preprocessed_inputs.append(x) preprocessed_inputs_cat = layers.Concatenate()(preprocessed_inputs) tft_preprocessing = tf.keras.Model(inputs, preprocessed_inputs_cat) tft_features_dict = {name: np.array(value) for name, value in tft_features.items()} features_dict = {name:values[:1] for name, values in tft_features_dict.items()} tft_preprocessing(features_dict) tft_model = model(tft_preprocessing, inputs) tft_model.fit(x=tft_features_dict, y=tft_labels, epochs=10)#para la cantidad de datos que tenemos estos epoch seran suficientes. return tft_modelFinalmente aqui tenemos la funcion la cual es la responsable del preprocesamiento de la informacion y la ejecucion del modelo. Para preprocesar las imagenes las hemos de dividir entro los dtypes que devuelve pandas de la query qu hace a la base de datos, en este caso utilize el siguiente bucle:for name, column in tft_features.items(): dtype = column.dtype if dtype == object: dtype =tf.string else: dtype =RYUJINX - Mortal Kombat 1 Story 1 (Playable?/Vulkan)
ElJedi03/10/2024Ryujinx es uno de los emuladores más populares y potentes para Nintendo Switch, permitiéndote disfrutar de tus juegos favoritos originales en tu PC. En este artículo, te te enseño a instalar Ryujinx, para que puedas aprovechar al máximo este increíble emulador.Requisitos para instalar RyujinxAntes de comenzar, asegúrate de que tu PC cumpla con los siguientes requisitos mínimos recomendados:Procesador: Intel Core i3-4170 o equivalenteMemoria RAM: 8 GBTarjeta gráfica: NVIDIA GeForce GTX 770, AMD Radeon R7 260X o integradaSistema operativo: Windows 10/11, macOS 10.13 o superior, o LinuxDescargar Ryujinx e instalaciónDescarga la última versión de Ryujinx : [Descargar].Descarga los archivos de claves y firmware necesarios para el correcto funcionamiento del emulador: [Descarga de keys] y [Descarga de firmware].Ahora debes extraer todos os archivos a una ubicación que tu elijas, ejecutar el emulador y aceptar todos los avisos.Instala las claves: Abre el emulador y ve a Archivo > Abrir carpeta de Ryujinx. Copia los archivos extraídos de las claves en la carpeta «system».Instala el firmware: Ve a Herramientas > Instalar firmware > … ZIP y selecciona el archivo de firmware descargado.Configuración de RyujinxAjusta la configuración de Ryujinx según tus preferencias y las capacidades de tu PC:Ingresa a Opciones > Configuración.En la sección «Input», configura los controles para los jugadores y carga el mapeado automático si es necesario.Si tu PC no es muy potente, desactiva «Enable Docked Mode» en la sección «Input».Ajusta la región, el idioma y otras opciones de sistema según tus preferencias.En la sección «Graphics», configura el backend gráfico, la resolución, los efectos de post-procesamiento y la relación de aspecto según tu hardware y preferencias.Descargar juegos para RyujinxPara poder jugar juegos en Ryujinx, necesitarás descargar las ROMs correspondientes. Ten en cuenta que descargar ROMs de juegos protegidos por derechos de autor puede ser ilegal en algunos países si no se posee el juego original.Existen webs publicas que comparten sus juegos originales: [Ir al sitio]Prepara tus archivos de juegos de Nintendo Switch en una carpeta accesible.En el emulador, ve a Opciones > Configuración > General > Directorios de juegos > Agregar.Selecciona la carpeta donde se encuentran tus archivos de juegos.Joven aprendiz, has finalizado el tutorial. Ahora ya tienes los conocimientos para instalar Ryujinx y disfrutar de tus juegos favoritos de Nintendo Switch. Si te ha servido házmelo saber y si no te ha servido, mira estos otros de por aqui abajo.Como instalar LibreOffice: La mejor alternativa a Microsoft OfficeComo instalar OmniLinkComo instalar Acestream en KodiComo instalar Wear Link [Obsoleto]aplicaciones"}]}" data-page="1" data-max-pages="4">r/Ryujinx on Reddit: Ryujinx Mortal Kombat 1 4K 60FPS
About this mod This is a complete texture pack for Breath of the Wild. Every texture in the game has been upscaled, as well as fonts, inventory icons, and some other details. Permissions and credits Mirrors The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild HD Texture Pack v1.0A lot of hard work has gone into completing this project and it is now free on Nexus Mods. Almost every texture in the game has been upscaled, as well as fonts, inventory icons, and some other details.The terrain in this version has been partially upgraded by using a work-around to improve terrain appearance. The actual terrain textures in v1.0 are not upscaled. Every other texture in the game has been upscaled.Version 1.1 has terrain textures, more shrine textures and overall texture improvements, and that should be moved into the free category at some point (when v1.2 is released). For now v1.1 is early access and if you want to try that, along with other texture packs, you can find it at HDPacks.com. To use the HD Texture Pack, you will need your game file and the game update file (1.6.0 only). You will also need a recent build of Yuzu with 8GB extended memory (1477 or newer) or my custom build of Ryujinx, which is available on Github with the provided link.Steps to install:1) Download the texture pack from (20 GB) or Torrent. You can sign up on for faster direct download (v1.0 is free).2) Download the custom Ryujinx build from or Yuzu official from (Yuzu is recommended).3) Make sure that you have the "Use alternative memory layout" option checked under Options -> Settings -> System in Ryujinx. In Yuzu, select the Emulation -> Configure -> System -> 8GB DRAM option.4) Right click the game title and select Open Mods Directory. Extract the HDTextures folder from the RAR file into the mod folder. The path should look something like this: C:\Users\\AppData\Roaming\Ryujinx\mods\contents\01007EF00011E000\HDTextures (Ryujinx) and C:\Users\\AppData\Roaming\yuzu\load\01007EF00011E000\HDTextures (Yuzu).HD Texture Pack v1.0 Release Notes:-At the time of writing, v1.0 has been tested through the Four Divine Beasts and ending boss fight (Main quest), as well as some other areas. There should (hopefully) be no major bugs or crashes. Yuzu has not been thoroughly tested but is looking great so far.-The mod has been tested by quite a few people now and there has been minimal bug reports, mostly related to older emulator releases.-Load times may take. games-emulation/ryujinx: Stabilize amd64, : Sam James: : 1-1 / 1 games-emulation/ryujinx: drop old : Maciej BarćRyujinx running Kirby and the Forgotten Land day 1 : r/Ryujinx
Email this Story to a Friend.When you downloaded it it was a file right? you have to extract it to a folder and configure yuzu to look at that folder for games. after launching yuzu you should see add new game directory in the main window. if you click that then you can point it to the folder that you extracted the game to. 2. 510. Posted by. Yuzu and Ryujinx Switch emulators run Metroid Dread on day 1 - Chép game ps3 - Chep game ps3 - C October 11, 2021 […] did mention recently a lot of improvements have been added to the Yuzu emulator, in particular to address issues with AMD GPUs. How to setup for the yuzu emulator xci and nsp files tutorial (where to down-load switch xci) games compatibility list: http.Pokémon Let's Go Pikachu & Eevee XCI Download - Home.The game is also emulatable on PC using Yuzu emulator. What is Yuzu EmulatorYuzu is a Nintendo Switch emulator which can play Nintendo Switch games on PC. It was developed by the same team which developed the first ever Nintendo 3DS emulator called Citra. The emulator has over a 100 developers due to it being open-source.Yuzu Switch Emulator: How to Play Nintendo Switch Games on PC.After that double-click into yuzu and select the folder you put your game folder in. Lastly double click on the game and enjoy it. NOTE: Some games may not run in Yuzu emulator, therefore you may use Ryujinx. How to add DLC or Updates. Download the update of your game or DLCs, usually as a Put it in your folder of the game, then open yuzu.Yuzu Save File Location - File Locations.To download the Switch Yuzu emulator we have to follow the steps below: Download Yuzu Emulator for our computer. To do so, click on the link below that fits your device: Download Yuzu Emulator for Pc (Windows) Download Yuzu Emulator for Linux (AppImage) It is possible that our browser will ask us to accept permission to complete the download. We click on accept. We.Yuzu Game Downloads - mightyever.DOWNLOAD YUZU. 2. Ryujinx - Another Great Nintendo Switch PC emulator. Next on the list and a perfect alternative to Yuzu is Ryujinx. Reliability, excellent performance, and regularly increasing game support are the primary reasons why we included Ryujinx in the best Nintendo Switch pc emulator programs on the internet list. Vulkan API build for Yuzu the Nintendo Switch emulator is now available for download. February 8, 2020 Pieter Naude 22 Comments. In case you missed it, the team behind one of the best and fastest.Pokemon Mystery Dungeon DX Game: ROM And Yuzu Emulator.Yuzu is an open-source Nintendo Switch emulator written in C++ User Rating Vote ; Rating: 8.3 (14 Votes) Rate it: Download. File Platform License Date Size ; Yuzu: Windows: Freeware-- Nintendo Switch › Emulators › Utilities › FAQ. S I T E S E A R C H: T O P D O W N L O A D S.Comments
Introduction: The PartInfo utility is available for download from the free software page on the TeraByte Unlimited web site. Partinfo is useful for capturing detailed partition information from hard drives. Its most common use is as a simple way to view and communicate the current partition layout of your drive(s) in exact detail, so that partitioning problems can be diagnosed.Usage: There are three versions of the program included in the zipped archive: PARTINFO.EXE - DOS/Win9X/ME command line version. PARTINFW.EXE - WinNT/2K/XP/2003/Vista, Windows 7/8.x/10 command line verison. PARTINFG.EXE - Windows XP and later GUI version.The command line versions of the program can be run from the Command Prompt. Program output will be displayed on screen. (Note: If you run PARTINFW.EXE in Windows Vista, or Windows 7/8.x/10, you must be running it from an Administrator Command Prompt or no output will be displayed.) To save the output to a file so that the information can be more easily studied and included in emails, redirect it to a text file. That is accomplished as follows:partinfo > partinfo.txtpartinfw > partinfo.txtThe Windows GUI version will display the output graphically. To run the program, just double-click on PARTINFG.EXE. The program allows you to easily save the output to a text file.Explanation of the output: The first 3 lines of output will give you the PartInfo version used, the copyright notice, and the time and date when the program was run. The remainder of the output is the detailed data collected from each BIOS-recognized hard drive. The data for each hard drive is divided into 3 sections, as described below.1. The Partition Table - An example of a partition table section is shown below. This disk has 3 primary partitions, one of which is an extended partition containing 2 volumes:==================================================================== MBR Partition Information (HD0):+====+====+=============+====+=============+===========+===========+| 0: | 80 | 0 1 1 | 7 | 1023 254 63 | 63 | 20482812 || 1: | 0 | 1023 0 1 | f | 1023 254 63 | 334762470 | 153613530 |+====+====+=============+====+=============+===========+===========+ Volume Information+----+----+-------------+----+-------------+-----------+-----------+| 0: | 0 | 1023 1 1 | b | 1023 254 63 | 63 | 40949622 || 1: | 0 | 1023 0 1 | 5 | 1023 254 63 | 40949685 | 4096575 || 2: | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 || 3: | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 |+----+----+-------------+----+-------------+-----------+-----------+| 0: | 0 | 1023 1 1 | 83 | 1023 254 63 | 63 | 4096512 || 1: | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 0 0 | 0 | 0 || 2: | 0 | 0 0 0
2025-04-20Number is in unsigned representation, it's decimal value starts with 0. So Minimum value will be zero.Range of unsigned representation is 0 to 2i - 1.So, the mum value with i bits goes to 2i - 1.Fraction of value is in the form of 2(-i). So, when we take the value of i = 1, 2, 3 … n this range of fractional value goes like, 2-1, 2-2, 2-3, …So, it makes a GP series, with f bit maximum number possible is sum of GP series.Consider a = ½, r = ½Maximum value with f bits possible= \(\frac{1}{2} + \frac{1}{4} + \frac{1}{8} + \frac{1}{{16}} + \frac{1}{{32}} + \ldots \)= \(a \times \frac{{1 - {r^n}}}{{1 - r}}\)\(= \frac{1}{2}\;\frac{{1 - {{\left( {\frac{1}{2}} \right)}^f}}}{{1 - \frac{1}{2}\;}} = 1 - {2^{ - f}}\;\)So, maximum fractional value possible= maximum value with i bits + maximum value with f bits= 2i - 1 + 1 - 2-f= 2i - 2-fSo, require range will be 0 to 2i - 2-f. What is the range of the exponent E in IEEE 754 Double Precision (Binary64) format? -1022 ≤ E ≤ 1022-1023 ≤ E ≤ 1023-1023 ≤ E ≤ 1022-1022 ≤ E ≤ 1023Answer (Detailed Solution Below) Option 4 : -1022 ≤ E ≤ 1023 Option 4) -1022 ≤ E ≤ 1023 is the correct answer.Explanation:- According to the IEEE Std 754-2008 standard, the exponent field width of the binary 64 double-precision floating-point formats is 11 bits, which is compensated by an exponent bias of 1023. The standard also specifies that the maximum exponent is 1023, and the minimum is -1022.Important Points In IEEE 754 floating-point numbers, the exponent is biased in the engineering sense of the word - the value stored is offset from the actual value by the exponent bias, also called a biased exponent. Double precision may be chosen when the range or precision of single-precision would be insufficient. Double-precision floating-point format is a computer number format usually occupying 64 bits in computer memory. It represents a wide dynamic range of numeric values by using a floating radix point.
2025-04-15Ethernet address (in this example, Ethernet addresses are in caps and Internet addresses in lower case). This would look less redundant if we had done tcpdump -n: arp who-has 128.3.254.6 tell 128.3.254.68 arp reply 128.3.254.6 is-at 02:07:01:00:01:c4 If we had done tcpdump -e, the fact that the first packet is broadcast and the second is point-to-point would be visible: RTSG Broadcast 0806 64: arp who-has csam tell rtsg CSAM RTSG 0806 64: arp reply csam is-at CSAM For the first packet this says the Ethernet source address is RTSG, the destination is the Ethernet broadcast address, the type field contained hex 0806 (type ETHER_ARP) and the total length was 64 bytes. TCP packets Note: The following description assumes familiarity with the TCP protocol described in RFC-793. If you are not familiar with the protocol, neither this description nor tcpdump will be of much use to you. The general format of a tcp protocol line is: src > dst: flags data-seqno ack window urgent options Src and dst are the source and destination IP addresses and ports. Flags are some combination of S (SYN), F (FIN), P (PUSH), R (RST), U (URG), W (ECN CWR), E (ECN-Echo) or '.' (ACK), or 'none' if no flags are set. data-seqno describes the portion of sequence space covered by the data in this packet (see example below). ack is sequence number of the next data expected the other direction on this connection. window is the number of bytes of receive buffer space available the other direction on this connection. urg indicates there is 'urgent' data in the packet. Options are tcp options enclosed in angle brackets (e.g., ). Src, dst and flags are always present. The other fields depend on the contents of the packet's tcp protocol header and are output only if appropriate. Here is the opening portion of an rlogin from host rtsg to host csam. rtsg.1023 > csam.login: S 768512:768512(0) win 4096 csam.login > rtsg.1023: S 947648:947648(0) ack 768513 win 4096 rtsg.1023 > csam.login: . ack 1 win 4096rtsg.1023 > csam.login: P 1:2(1) ack 1 win 4096csam.login > rtsg.1023: . ack 2 win 4096rtsg.1023 > csam.login: P 2:21(19) ack 1 win 4096csam.login > rtsg.1023: P 1:2(1) ack 21 win 4077csam.login > rtsg.1023: P 2:3(1) ack 21 win 4077 urg 1csam.login > rtsg.1023: P 3:4(1) ack 21 win 4077 urg 1 The first line says that tcp port 1023 on rtsg sent a packet to port login on csam. The S indicates that the SYN flag was set. The packet sequence number was 768512 and it contained no data. The notation is 'first:last(nbytes)' which means 'sequence numbers first up to but not including last that is nbytes bytes of user data'. There was no piggy-backed ack, the available receive window was 4096 bytes and there was a max-segment-size option requesting an mss of 1024 bytes. Csam replies with a similar packet except it includes a piggy-backed ack for rtsg's SYN. Rtsg then acks csam's SYN. The '.' means the ACK flag was
2025-04-12Total heads (maxvalue 254) whereas limit on heads to device for direct access shouldbe 16 (max value 15) -- then cylinders have similar restrictions BIOSinterface limits to 1024 total cylinders (1023 max value) and directaccess to device limits to 65536 total cylinders (65535=0xFFFF maxvalue) and both support 1 to 63 for sectors). And then when usingLBALCHS it is recommended to use total heads=255 (max value 254)with sectors=63 [to avoid translation errors if moved to differentBIOS].Which leads to confusion if context not clear - does CHS=1023/255/63mean accessing cylinder 1023, max value of 1023 corresponding to1024th cylinder, or only 1023 total cylinders ...Thanks,JeremyIndex: initdisk.c===================================================================--- initdisk.c (revision 1372)+++ initdisk.c (working copy)@@ -339,7 +339,22 @@/* translate LBA sectors into CHS addressing- copied and pasted from dsk.c!+ initially copied and pasted from dsk.c!++ LBA to/from CHS conversion - see How ItWorks section on CHSxlat - CHS Translation+ LBA (logical block address) simple 0 to N-1 used internally andwith extended int 13h (BIOS)+ L-CHS (logical CHS) is the CHS view when using int 13h (BIOS)+ P-CHS (physical CHS) is the CHS view when directly accessingdisk, should not, but could be used in BS or MBR++ LBA = ( (cylinder * heads_per_cylinder + heads ) *sectors_per_track ) + sector - 1++ cylinder = LBA / (heads_per_cylinder * sectors_per_track)+ temp = LBA % (heads_per_cylinder * sectors_per_track)+ head = temp / sectors_per_track+ sector = temp % sectors_per_track + 1++ where heads_per_cylinder and sectors_per_track are the currenttranslation mode values.+ cyclinder and heads are 0 to N-1 based, sector is 1
2025-04-24